Perennial

African lily

Agapanthus spp. and hybrids · Amaryllidaceae · also called agapanthus, lily of the Nile
By Hannah Price · Updated

African lily seasonal calendar
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
FlowersFlowers in JulyFlowers in AugustFlowers in September
PlantPlant in AprilPlant in May
Looks goodLooks good in JulyLooks good in AugustLooks good in September

Overview

Agapanthus sends up tall stems topped with rounded heads of blue, violet or white trumpets from midsummer, giving a holiday feel to patios and gravel gardens. The narrow-leaved deciduous kinds, often derived from Agapanthus campanulatus, die down in winter and cope with colder weather. Reliable choices include 'Navy Blue', 'Northern Star' and white 'Silver Moon', while compact 'Peter Pan' suits small pots. Broad-leaved evergreen kinds are more tender and best kept for mild coastal gardens.

Where to grow african lily

Sunshine is essential. A south-facing border, a sunny gravel garden or a large container on a patio all suit. In the ground, soil must drain well in winter; on heavy clay, use pots or a raised bed.

Planting

Plant in spring once the soil warms up, with the crown just below the surface. In pots, choose a container only slightly larger than the root ball and use loam-based compost with added grit; restricted roots encourage flowering.

Care through the year

Spring

Start feeding container plants every fortnight with a high-potash fertiliser once growth appears.

Summer

Water pots regularly and keep feeding until flowering ends. Cut flower stems for the vase or leave them for seed heads.

Autumn

Stop feeding. Mulch the crowns of plants in the ground with a dry mulch such as bark.

Winter

Move evergreen types in pots into a cool greenhouse or porch. Keep containers on the dry side.

Pruning

Cut faded flower stems at the base unless you want the seed heads. Remove dead leaves from deciduous kinds in late winter.

Propagation

Divide large clumps in spring using two forks or a spade; the roots are tough and fleshy. Seed is easy to sow but seedlings vary and take a few years to flower.

Common problems

Agapanthus gall midge, a relatively new pest in the UK, causes buds to swell, discolour and fail to open; remove and bin affected flower heads promptly. Slugs and snails damage young leaves. Too much shade, nitrogen-rich feed or frequent repotting can mean leaves but few flowers.

Guides to the problems most likely to affect african lily:

Something else wrong? Diagnose it by symptom.

Month-by-month reminders

Jobs for this plant come round in April and May. Each month page lists everything else worth doing in the garden at the same time.

Related plants

Sources

Botanical names follow Kew's Plants of the World Online; growing attributes were checked against the references below. Text is our own. See our editorial policy.