Perennial

Purple coneflower

Echinacea purpurea · Asteraceae · also called echinacea, coneflower
By Hannah Price · Updated

Purple coneflower seasonal calendar
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
FlowersFlowers in JulyFlowers in AugustFlowers in September
PlantPlant in AprilPlant in MayPlant in September
PrunePrune in FebruaryPrune in March
Looks goodLooks good in JulyLooks good in AugustLooks good in SeptemberLooks good in OctoberLooks good in NovemberLooks good in December

Overview

Purple coneflower is a North American prairie plant with daisy flowers of rosy-purple petals that droop slightly around a raised, bristly orange-brown cone. It flowers from midsummer into autumn and is a magnet for bees and butterflies. Reliable choices include the species itself, 'Magnus' with flatter, broader petals, and the white 'White Swan'. Many of the bright orange and double hybrids look stunning in the garden centre but often fade away within a couple of years.

Where to grow purple coneflower

Give echinacea full sun and an open, airy position. It copes with most soils, including clay, as long as water does not sit around the crown in winter, which is the main cause of losses. It looks at home in prairie-style plantings with grasses and late daisies.

Planting

Spring is the best time, as plants put on roots before winter. Space them 45 cm apart and water them in. Pinch out any flower buds on very young plants in their first summer to help them establish a stronger root system.

Care through the year

Spring

Cut last year's stems down as new leaves appear and protect young shoots from slugs, which find them irresistible.

Summer

Water new plants in dry spells; established clumps are fairly drought tolerant. Deadhead early flowers to prolong flowering if you wish.

Autumn

Stop deadheading and let the cones ripen, as birds pick the seed and the dark heads look striking with frost.

Winter

Leave stems standing for structure and wildlife. Avoid heavy mulch over the crowns on wet ground.

Pruning

Cut old stems to the ground in late winter or early spring, before new growth gets going. The so-called Chelsea chop, cutting a third off some stems in late May, gives bushier plants that flower a little later.

Propagation

Sow seed of the species in spring under cover; it germinates better after a few weeks of cold. Clumps can be divided in spring, but echinacea resents disturbance, so do it sparingly. Root cuttings in late winter are another option.

Common problems

Slugs on new growth are the biggest threat. Plants dying over winter usually point to wet soil. Aster yellows, spread by leafhoppers, can cause green, distorted flowers; remove affected plants.

Something else wrong? Diagnose it by symptom.

Month-by-month reminders

Jobs for this plant come round in February, March, April, May and September. Each month page lists everything else worth doing in the garden at the same time.

Related plants

Sources

Botanical names follow Kew's Plants of the World Online; growing attributes were checked against the references below. Text is our own. See our editorial policy.